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In addition, 10,490 patients died overall (7.4/100 patients with heart failure/year) during the study.

Risk of hospitalization, however, increased across the board, after the first episode of anemia, for the 10.3% (3.6/100 patients with heart failure/year) of patients who experienced acute heart failure over the course of the study, with each of the 3 measures: Episodes of Hb falls totaled 35 patients, or 2.8 per 100 patients with heart failure each year and happened more among the male study subjects. The study results demonstrate that 6.4% of study enrollees had at least 1 Hb fall, 0.3% had 2 or more Hb falls, and 0.8% had concomitant acute kidney injury (AKI). Their data were obtained from the electronic health records of the Valencian Health Agency’s ABUCASIS and corroborated by hospital records. More than half (54.9%) were female, the mean (SD) age was 74.3 (11.0) years, and the average follow-up was 2.9 years. Their total study population comprised 45,437 patients being treated for heart failure who were tested for and had their Hb levels recorded between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 1026. “Moreover, a progressive reduction of hemoglobin (Hb) implies a poor prognosis.” However, how much of an impact significant Hb drops have on outcomes in patients with heart failure has not been investigated, they noted, and that served as the basis of their study. “Well-established as a prognostic factor, the prevalence is more than 25% in all patients with heart failure and even greater in older adults,” the study authors said.

Patients with acute heart failure have been shown to have a greater risk of both hospitalization and all-cause mortality following the occurrence of at least 1 acute anemic episode, or a drop in hemoglobin (Hb) levels exceeding 30%, according to the results of a study out of Spain published in Journal of Clinical Medicine.